Converting Municipal Waste to Energy through the Biomass Chain, a Key Technology for Environmental Issues in (Smart) Cities

Cities around the world should prioritize management of municipal solid waste (MSW). For this to be effective, there is a strong need buildup complex system that involves social, economic, and environmental processes, leading supply chain (SC). The actors involved in dealing with MSW—from suppliers, collectors, distributors, industries, managers—should engaged strategic planning. This paper focuses on alternative energy solutions uses existing SC models managing MSW, as well literature, identify successful stories cities like Bergen Tønsberg Norway, London UK Barcelona Spain draw conceptual framework for city officials Romanian municipalities (but not only) innovate—and convert MSW biogas used delivering public services, i.e., transportation. article shows when innovation accepted implemented by all actors, benefits citizens municipality are considerably higher than using conventional methods collecting depositing MSW. proposed approach also relevant implementing EU environment policy, where delays usually observed (as case Romania).